Inhibition of KLF4 expression has been linked to M2 macrophage polarization, which promotes profibrotic activity through enhanced TGF-β1 production.Targeting M2 polarization via agents like eucalyptol has been shown to regulate KLF4 and attenuate fibrosis, suggesting a broader impact of KLF4 across multiple cell types involved in IPF [59]. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.