Several ISGs—including IFIT1, IFIT2, IFIT3, MX1, Mx2, CXCL10, and ISG15—are typically upregulated transcriptionally following HCMV infection, independently of type I IFN-initiated JAK-STAT signaling (36), but this process appears, somewhat surprisingly, to be perturbed in the presence of increased levels of MyD88. Here, MYD88 is linked to cytomegalovirus infection.