CD274 and neoplasm: For patients with NSCLC and a PD-L1 tumor proportion score (TPS) of 1% to 49%, exhibiting low PD-L1 expression, sub-analyses of several clinical trials have reported that combination therapy involving chemotherapy and ICI prolongs progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) as compared with chemotherapy or ICI monotherapy (7, 9–11).