BRAF and melanoma: About 50% of cutaneous melanomas contain activated V600 mutations in the BRAF gene encoding serine-threonine protein kinase BRAF.1 In 2011, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved PLX4032, also known as vemurafenib, for the treatment of melanoma.2 Small molecule BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib (PLX4032) has revolutionised melanoma therapy by inducing rapid tumour regression.