CKD disrupts the endocrine function of the kidneys, resulting in disorders of glucose and lipid metabolism and erectile dysfunction in men, and the impaired synthesis of erythropoietin (EPO) and activated vitamin D leads to the development of renal anemia and renal bone disease (Kalantar-Zadeh et al., 2022; Ku et al., 2023). Here, EPO is linked to erectile dysfunction.