The clinicalvalue of evaluating HIF-1α and HIF-2α expression in diagnosing head and neck cancer yields conflicting results betweenresearch studies, possibly due to variations in tumors and the methods used to detect these proteins [8].The research has revealed HIF-mediated signaling pathways, along with cellular mechanisms such as epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT), ferroptosis resistance, and immune evasion, as these factors drive tumor aggressiveness and treatment resistance in HNSCC[9, 10]. Here, EPAS1 is linked to head and neck cancer.