CYP3A4 and melanoma: Our current analysis is consistent with a previousstudy by Sumantran et al. that gene CYP3A4 was downregulated in melanoma [23].In addition, Manda et al. reported that diosgenin inhibited CYP3A4 at IC50 of 17 mM [24].Thus, we may hypothesize that S. nigrum could further inhibit the already downregulated CYP3A4 in melanoma cells,which, in turn, would reduce skin metabolism of drugs including chemotherapy agents and be beneficial for melanoma treatments.