INS and diabetes mellitus: After controlling for age and gender (Model 2) and further adjusting for duration of diabetes, HTN, SBP, DBP, smoking status, drinking status, FPG, HbA1c, HDL-C, BMI, and current medication use (including insulin, metformin, AGI, DPP4i, SGLT2i, statin, and ACER/ARB) (Model 3), BCAA levels remained significantly and positively associated with T3, T4, FT3, and FT4 (the coefficients ranged from 0.042 to 0.050 for T3, from 3.427 to 4.614 for T4, from 0.115 to 0.184 for FT3, and from 0.430 to 0.589 for FT4, all p < 0.05).