Elevated sPD-L1 levels have been documented in more than 20 diseases, including cancers [3,8–11], inflammatory diseases [12,14,16], autoimmune disorders [29,30], viral infections [31–33], and sepsis [13,34], where they often correlate with advanced disease and poor prognosis [10–13,34]. Here, SPDL1 is linked to Autoimmunity.