ALPP and dysgerminoma: Placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) is a glycoprotein enzyme typically found in high levels in the placenta and EVs during pregnancy.[27, 28] While PLAP is primarily associated with normal placental tissue, elevated levels of PLAP have been observed in certain types of OC, particularly germ cell tumors and dysgerminomas.[29, 30, 31] While the exact role of PLAP in OC remains unclear, it is believed to contribute to tumor growth and progression.