PGD and neoplasm: Genetic inhibition of PPP by targeted knockdown of (i) glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (zw, G6PDH) weakly suppressed trametinib resistance in RAP tumours (Fig. 2c); (ii) phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (pgd, 6PGDH) or ribose-5-phosphate isomerase (rpi, RPIA) significantly rescued RAP tumour-induced lethality in the presence of trametinib.