The macrophagehigh ductal cell type 2 samples showed a higher number of tumor cells expressing the NF-κB target genes TNFAIP3 and CXCL1 compared to macrophagelow samples (Figs. 1F and S1c, d), consistent with the known role of TNF in activating NF-κB signaling in PDAC [23]. Here, TNF is linked to neoplasm.