Preclinical data were presented demonstrating the activity of IRAK4 inhibition alone or in combination with other anticancer agents in acute myeloid leukemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, primary central nervous system lymphoma, melanoma brain metastases, gastrointestinal cancers, and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Here, IRAK4 is linked to myelodysplastic syndrome.