ERN1 and fibrosis: IRE1a deletion and therapeutic antagonism of IRE1a inhibit the development of bleomycin-induced fibrosis, and even promote type 2 alveolar epithelial cell growth and tissue repair.200, 201ORIN1001, which inhibits the RNase activity of IRE1a, is under investigation in a phase Ib clinical trial in IPF patients that is currently suspended (identifier: NCT04643769).