OSM and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Oncostatin M (OSM), a member of the IL-6 family of cytokines, is elevated in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid of IPF patients.93OSM is not only pro-inflammatory, but also modulates ECM production, drives fibroblast proliferation, and inhibits fibroblast apoptosis.93, 94, 95Vixarelimab is a monoclonal antibody against the OSM receptor OSMRß and is being studied in a phase IIa trial in IPF (identifier: NCT05785624).