These results establish that EBV may efficiently infect HLECs via B lymphocyte-mediated cell-to-cell transmission, inducing robust expression of viral oncogenes (LMP1, LMP2A, and EBNA1) that may critically influence infected cell proliferation and survival, potentially modulating the NPC tumor microenvironment (Table 5). The gene discussed is PDLIM7; the disease is nasopharyngeal carcinoma.