However, SHP2 mutations can also drive cancer: 40% of juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML) patients have SHP2 mutations (Gupta et al, 2021), and less frequent mutations are also found in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL), and solid cancers (Fobare et al, 2022; Estey, 2018; Bentires-Alj et al, 2004). This evidence concerns the gene PTPN11 and acute lymphoblastic leukemia.