To test the targeting of the OX40L-OX40 axis in a human preclinical model, we adopted a protocol for inducing MASLD in human precision-cut liver slices.14 Human liver slices incubated in GFIPO media (containing glucose, fructose, insulin, palmitate, and oleate) developed steatosis and upregulation of genes involved in lipogenesis and inflammation (Fig S7H–I). This evidence concerns the gene TNFSF4 and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.