We further show the decrease in cholinergic signaling observed in the CF model guts may be clinically relevant as restoring sensitivity to cholinergic signaling rescues many CF pathologies in Drosophila. Finally, we identify Forkhead (Fkh), a FOXA1/A2 homolog as a transcriptional regulator of Ace expression in the CF model gut. The gene discussed is ACE; the disease is cystic fibrosis.