NFKB1 and neoplasm: The ECM, enriched in collagen, fibronectin, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), further accelerates invasion and metastasis (7).Metabolic reprogramming in the TME is characterized by heightened glutamine catabolism, fatty acid anabolism, and dysregulated taurine metabolism, while NF-κB-driven inflammation fuels tumor progression via secretion of proangiogenic cytokines like IL-6 and IL-8 (8).