Exosome-like nanovesicles from Brucea javanica have been found to suppress autophagy through the promotion of PI3K/Akt/mTOR phosphorylation while inducing apoptosis via ROS/Caspase activation and inhibiting the JAK/STAT signaling pathway, thereby exerting potent anti-cancer effects (Yan et al., 2024; Chen et al., 2020; Wang et al., 2019). Here, AKT1 is linked to cancer.