Furthermore, in hepatocellular carcinoma, S100A9 accelerates tumor progression by recruiting ubiquitin specific peptidase 10 (USP10) and Phosphoglycerate Mutase Family Member 5 (PGMFM5) to form a trimer that facilitates mitochondrial fission and ROS production (Zhong et al., 2022). Here, S100A9 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.