For instance, some innate immunity cells (e.g., neutrophils and macrophages), adaptive immunity cells (e.g., Th1, Th2, Th17, and B cells), and inflammatory mediators (e.g., interleukin, TGF-β, PDGF, and VEGF) have exhibited pro-fibrotic functions during the progression of IPF. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is idiopathic interstitial pneumonia.