In a high-fat diet combined with streptozotocin (HFD/STZ)-induced DKD rat model, Oleanolic Acid can inhibit NF-κB-mediated inflammatory response, regulate mitochondrial energy metabolism, lower blood glucose and lipid levels, and reduce renal lipid deposition by activating the AMPK/PGC-1α pathway (Liu Y. et al., 2022; Pan et al., 2024). This evidence concerns the gene PPARGC1A and diabetic kidney disease.