ARB, angiotensin II receptor blocker; ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; MCI, mild cognitive impairment; AD, Alzheimer’s disease; AMI, acute myocardial infarction; APOE ε4, apolipoprotein E epsilon 4 allele; AHM, antihypertensive medication; CN, cognitively normal; Aβ, amyloid beta; CV, cardiovascular; aHR, adjusted hazard ratio; PD, probable dementia; ADRD, Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias; BBB, blood-brain barrier; RCT, randomized controlled trial. Here, APOE is linked to dementia.