Biomarkers such as neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), liver-type fatty acid binding protein (L-FABP), and interleukin-18 (IL-18) have shown potential in distinguishing true HRS from prerenal AKI by reflecting underlying tubular injury. Here, HAVCR1 is linked to acute kidney injury.