ALDH1A1 and hemorrhagic cystitis: A study involving 113 Caucasian patients receiving high-dose chemotherapy with a combination of CYC, thiotepa, and carboplatin showed that the ALDH1A1*2 variant, located in the promoter region and potentially having significant gene regulatory effects, was associated with an increased risk of liver toxicity and hemorrhagic cystitis (Ekhart et al., 2008).