The cutoffs for T2D patients, computed to maximize the differences in survival prediction between groups, were as follows: CXCL9 low, < 517 pg/mL and high, ≥ 770 pg/mL; NfL low, < 27.2 pg/mL, high, ≥ 64.9 pg/mL; GDF15 low, < 1132 pg/mL; high, ≥ 22406 pg/mL; FGF21 low, < 164 pg/mL and high, ≥ 881 pg/mL (Fig. 2). Here, GDF15 is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.