HER2-CAR virus-specific T cells (HER2-CAR-VSTs) have shown safety and clinical efficacy in GBM patients.434 Bispecific T cell engagers (BiTEs) represent another innovative strategy, linking T cells to tumor antigens, preventing antigen escape, and amplifying antitumor responses.435 The continuous development of OVs as combinatorial immunotherapies, particularly with ICIs, CAR-T cells, and BiTEs, holds great promise for overcoming GBM’s immunosuppressive barriers and improving patient survival. The gene discussed is ERBB2; the disease is glioblastoma.