DGCR5 and neoplasm: Metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) expression is linked to TMZ resistance, positioning it as a prognostic marker for chemoresistant GBMs.67 Immune-related lncRNAs, such as DiGeorge syndrome critical region gene 5, are associated with immune and stromal cell infiltration, highlighting their role in regulating the tumor immune response.68 Additionally, upregulation of the lncRNA CRNDE in GBMs is linked to tumor size, recurrence risk, and chemosensitivity to TMZ,69 reinforcing its role in predicting therapeutic response.