HGF and neoplasm: FGFR signaling, which is mediated by FGF ligands, supports endothelial migration, proliferation, and angiogenesis through PI3K/AKT/mTOR activation.201,202 FGF-2 enhances ECM remodeling and cooperates with VEGF and PDGF to promote neovascularization, indicating their combined role in tumor vascularization.203 The HGF/c-MET axis further drives tumor growth, invasion, and angiogenesis, with increased expression linked to increased tumor grade and poor prognosis.204 The inhibition of MET and VEGF has synergistic effects on suppressing tumor growth, suggesting a viable therapeutic strategy.205