TGFB1 and glioblastoma: Some miRNAs, such as miR-524-3p and miR-524-5p, are downregulated in GBM and associated with EGFR overexpression and EGFRvIII mutation, while their overexpression inhibits tumor proliferation and migration, improving OS through the TGF-β, Notch, and Hippo pathways.79 Similarly, low miR-133 levels correlate with poor prognosis, as its overexpression inhibits EGFR mRNA translation, suppresses GBM growth and induces apoptosis.80 Conversely, miR-148a functions as an oncogene, negatively impacting survival through its regulation of BIM, MIG6, and EGFR,81 making it a potential therapeutic target.