IL13RA2 and glioblastoma: NK cell-based therapies, including CYNK-001, are in early clinical trials, with CAR-NK cells engineered to target GBM-specific antigens such as EGFRvIII, HER2, IL-13Rα2, and CD133 showing preclinical efficacy.377,378 CAR-T cell therapy also presents potential, with intrathecal bivalent CAR-T cells targeting EGFR and IL-13Rα2 demonstrating early tumor reduction.379 Additionally, PTP4A2 regulates GBM recurrence via roundabout guidance receptor 1 (ROBO1), and CAR-T cell targeting of ROBO1 improves survival in recurrent GBM models, highlighting a potential therapeutic strategy for GBM.380