CD8A and neoplasm: In addition to direct oncolysis, OVs trigger immunogenic cell death, releasing tumor-associated antigens, damage-associated molecular patterns, and viral pathogen-associated molecular patterns, which enhance antigen presentation and stimulate immune activation.412 This process reverses the “cold” tumor phenotype of GBM by promoting APC recruitment, activating CD8+ CTLs, and counteracting the immunosuppressive influence of TAMs and Tregs.