This metabolic reprogramming supports tumor proliferation and enhances malignancy by promoting lactate production and extracellular acidification, which in turn stabilizes HIF-1α and sustains tumor hypoxia.224 Additionally, HIF-1 regulates glutamine metabolism, shifting it toward α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) production, which fuels fatty acid biosynthesis and prevents lipotoxicity.225. Here, HIF1A is linked to neoplasm.