For patients with resectable stage II and III NSCLC, treatment options have massively increased, with the approval of several immunotherapeutic agents plus PBC in the neoadjuvant or peri-operative setting, as well as the approval of adjuvant tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) for patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) or anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) positive NSCLC. The gene discussed is ALK; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.