The identified genes encode mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenases (MT-NDs), cytochrome B (CYB), and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI), which belong to mitochondrial ETC CI, CIII, and CIV, respectively (Table 1); in all cases, EV71 infections upregulated their RNA levels for >2-fold while the infection with AnCoA4 treatment downregulated those for >2-fold. Here, MT-CO1 is linked to infection.