Chemokines like CXCL-8 and CXCL1/2/5 in the tumor microenvironment attract neutrophils to infiltrate late-stage tumors, where they release reactive oxygen species (ROS) to induce DNA damage and secrete vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) to accelerate angiogenesis (35, 36). Here, CXCL1 is linked to neoplasm.