Studies show that anthocyanins in black rice extract (0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 g/kg/day for 8 weeks) can improve bone loss in diabetes rats by inhibiting bone turnover and bone marrow fat production, and up regulating the ratio of RUNX2 and OPG/RANKL in bone tissue of diabetes rats (85). This evidence concerns the gene RUNX2 and diabetes mellitus.