In contrast, two of these metabolic hubs (FBP1 and HPGD) (1) were progressively downregulated across increasing tumor aggressiveness (Figure 3A; Supplementary Figures S2F,G), (2) exhibited lower expression in advanced-stage tumors compared to early-stage ones (Figure 3A, and Supplementary Figures S2M,N), and (3) and were linked to more favorable survival outcomes (Figure 3B; Supplementary Figures S2T,U), suggesting tumor-suppressive metabolic functions in bladder cancer. Here, HPGD is linked to urinary bladder carcinoma.