CD274 and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: Nevertheless, although there is accumulating evidence indicating that the HPV status exerts a significant influence on the immune microenvironment of HNSCC, which might potentially alter the outcomes of biomarker evaluations used to predict the response to ICIs, there is currently no conclusive evidence establishing a relationship between the HPV status and immunotherapy, especially with regard to PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors (24).