TGFB1 and neoplasm: Moreover, several clinical trials using targeting downstream signaling pathways of CAFs (NCT01333475, NCT02392572) and intervention of their adverse prognostic secretory factors (TGF-β, PDGFR, VEGF, MMP, etc.)have also been conducted (NCT02423343, NCT02146222, NCT02202746, NCT00033215, NCT00001683), expecting to directly or indirectly consume CAFs, reduce or eliminate their tumor-promoting characteristics to improve the therapeutic efficacy of tumor treatment.