Although key genetic factors for the pathogenesis and progression of NB have been identified, such as amplification of MYCN, deletion of TP53, mutation or amplification of ALK, rearrangement of TERT, deletion or mutation of ATRX, and segmental chromosomal aberrations,22 it remains challenging to provide a clear and systematic explanation of NB's pathogenesis. This evidence concerns the gene ATRX and neuroblastoma.