As shown in Figure 7, in recent years, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, lung cancer, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, fibroblasts, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), radiation pneumonitis, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and TGF-β have remained active research areas, each representing an emerging research direction. Here, TGFB1 is linked to radiation pneumonitis.