Similarly, in live infection models, we and others have identified IFNγ signalling a key player in AM training after BCG vaccination (Tran et al., 2024), influenza infection (Wang et al., 2023), pneumococcal infection (Arafa et al., 2022), and intranasal infection with an adenoviral vector (Zhou and Liao, 2021). Here, IFNG is linked to infection.