Furthermore, we performed gene expression analysis on the basis of markers of B-cell activation and immaturity and found that IBC tumour-infiltrating B cells presented high levels of activation signals, with three molecules, CD19, BLK, and CD79B, being expressed at significantly higher levels in IBC tumour-infiltrating B cells than in nIBC (Extended Data Fig. S3c). Here, BLK is linked to inflammatory breast carcinoma.