Interestingly, inhibition of PTN-NCL-TNF signaling axis induced necroptosis of endothelial cells reduced HER2 + IBC cells migration over an endothelial cell layer (Extended Data Fig. S12f-j), which confirmed that HER2 + IBC tumour cells can mediate endothelial cell necroptosis through the TN-NCL-TNF signaling axis to promote tumour cell metastasis. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and neoplasm.