Moreover, we found that inflammation-associated molecules (CXCR4, CCL4, CCL4L2, and CD74) and antigen-presentation-associated molecules (HLA-DQA1, HLA-DPA1, and HLA-DRA) had relatively widespread high expression levels in all mesenchymal cells of IBC tumours (Fig. 4h), and the immune-responsive MHC class II antigen-presentation molecule CD74 in IBC tumours infiltrating apCAFs had significantly high expression levels (Fig. 4h). Here, HLA-DRA is linked to neoplasm.