Preclinical models have shown strong anti-tumour responses in various solid malignancies: TF- or PD-L1-targeted CAR-NK cells in TNBC [294], c-Met CAR-NK cells with DAP10 co-stimulation in LUAD [295], and DLL3-specific CAR-NK cells in SCLC, which exhibited effective tumour suppression and immune infiltration [296]. Here, HCST is linked to neoplasm.