The frequency of squamous cell carcinoma type, spread through air space (STAS), TP53 mutations, advanced pathological stages, and lymph node metastasis was significantly higher in patients with PD-L1-positive tumors (TPS ≥ 1%) than in those with PD-L1-negative tumors (TPS < 1%). Here, TP53 is linked to metastatic malignant neoplasm in the lymph nodes.