An increased SASP in the tumor microenvironment is linked to chronic inflammation, angiogenesis, mitosis, migration, and invasion, thereby supporting tumor cell proliferation and migration.193,194 Known SASP factors, such as IL-6, IL-8, and CCL5, are key mediators driving tumor cell proliferation.195,196 VEGF and CXCL5 have been shown to promote angiogenesis in tumors.197,198 The MMP contributes to tumor migration by degrading the ECM.199 Additionally, senescent immune cells exhibit attenuated bone tumor cell attack due to poor memory function.200,201. This evidence concerns the gene CCL5 and neoplasm.