TNF and infection: Barreto et al. (2024), recently showed that T. cruzi-infected mice developed impaired cardiac function consistent with chronic Chagasic cardiomyopathy (CCC) at 5 and 12 months post-infection, characterized by increased inflammation, fibrosis, and overexpression of IL-1β, TNF, and IFN-γ as well as an altered localization and phosphorylation of Cx43, with reduced colocalization compared to uninfected controls.