TNF and renal fibrosis: Validation of these findings in a UUO-induced renal fibrosis mouse model showed that UUO significantly elevated SCr and BUN levels, led to histopathological alterations and renal damage, decreased E-CADHERIN and increased α-SMA, FIBRONECTIN, and COLLAGEN I, and upregulated pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) and rRNA levels, indicating the occurrence of renal injuries accompanied by enhanced ribosome biogenesis.