ATF3 and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Recently accumulated evidence shows that ATF3 expression is induced in neurons, not only after traumatic nerve injury, but also in a variety of stressful conditions, such as demyelination and ALS or because of a disease-causing gene mutation or gene deficiency.6-9 Our study also shows that both motor neurons and sensory DRG neurons induce the expression of ATF3 as ALS pathology progresses.