TNF and rheumatoid arthritis: In RA, the alteration of the synovial membrane leads to liberating inflammatory cytokines like tumor necrotic factor alpha (TNF-α) (Telfer and Brock 2004) that induces chondrocytes to release matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) like MMP13 and MMP3, which are cartilage-breaking enzymes, causing cartilage deterioration in RA (Mengshol et al. 2002; Ostrowska et al. 2018a).