TNF and gestational diabetes: Given the high variability in the results, diverse ethnicity and unavailability of the literature on utility of miRNA in GDM in Pakistani population, the present study was designed to identify fold change in miRNA expression (miR-16-5p) in GDM patients and control subjects, compare glucose, insulin, insulin-like growth factor-1, glutathione peroxidase, and TNF-α levels, and correlate these biochemical parameters with miRNA expression.