During the study period, mortality in PD group was 44% and in the HD group was 47%. After adjustment for age, race, sex, body mass index, serum albumin, history of smoking, history of substance abuse, cause of initial end-stage renal disease, comorbidities, employment status, duration of graft function, pretransplant dialysis duration, eGFR at dialysis initiation, survival within the first year was greater for PD patients (HR: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.69, 0.99) but at the end of follow-up no difference was noted in survival (HR: 1.03; 95% CI: 0.93, 1.14). This evidence concerns the gene ALB and substance abuse.