Furthermore, while treatment of primary rat cortical neurons with Aβ in-vitro decreased DRP1 and MFF protein levels in one study (Soares et al., 2022), other studies have observed activation of mitochondrial fission via an increase in AMPK-dependent MFF stimulation in both in-vitro AD models (Lee et al., 2022) and human post-mortem brain tissue (Fang et al., 2019). Here, DNM1L is linked to Alzheimer disease.