Additionally, the study by Kuang et al. (2) revealed that HDCA significantly increased the abundance of the beneficial bacterium Parabacteroides distasoni by inhibiting intestinal farnesoid X receptor (FXR) activity in mice, while indirectly modulating the bile acid synthesis pathway, thereby effectively ameliorating NAFLD. This evidence concerns the gene NR1H4 and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.